Archipiélago de Juan Fernández National Park

Localization

Islands located 667 kilometres west of Chile's mainland

Access

By air or by boat only

Characteristic

96 km²; Three small islands: Santa Clara, Alejandro Selkirk and the most part of the Robinson Crusoe Island. All mountainous islands reaching up to 1650 m are of volcanic in origin, with steep, rugged mountain ranges with deep ravines. Typical ecosystems: grasslands without any trees in Santa Clara; Alexander Selkirk and Robinson Crusoe Islands rises to a high plateau dissected by deep ravines with temperate zone forest extending up to about 700 metres, alpine biotopes in altitudes above 1100 m. Nearly 60% endemism among the vascular species

Fauna + Flora

Mammals:

All terrestrial mammals species have been introduced!

Seals, Sea-Lions and Walruses - Eared Seals (Otariidae): Juan Fernandez Fur Seal (a unique mammal endemic of the Island of Robinson Crusoe); South American Sea Lion

- Earless Seals (Phocidae): Southern Elephant Seal

Birds:

Tubenoses - Storm Petrels (Hydrobatidae): White-bellied Storm-Petrel

- Fulmars, Prions, Shearwaters and Gadfly Petrels (Procellariidae): Defillipe´s Petrel; Juan Fernandez Petrel; Kermadec Petrel; Stejneger´s Petrel; Pink-footed Shearwater

Birds of Prey - Hawks, Eagles, Buzzards, Kites and Old World Vultures (Accipitridae): Red-backed Hawk

- Falcons and Caracaras (Falconidae): American Kestrel

Strigiformes - Owls (Strigidae): Short-eared Owl

Apodiformes - Hummingbirds (Trochilidae): Green-backed Firecrown; Juan Fernandez Firecrown (endangered endemic species)

Perching Birds - Ovenbirds or Horneros (Furnariidae): Grey-flanked Cinclodes; Masafuera Rayadito

- Tyrants (Tyrannidae): Juan Fernandez Tit-Tyrant

- Trushes and Chats (Turdidae): Austral Trush

- Blackbirds, Orioles and Cowbirds (Icteridae): Austral Blackbird

Plants:

209 native species of vascular plants 

Ferns:

Cyatheales - Dicksoniaceae: Dicksonia berteriana a D. externa; Lophosoria sp.

- Thyrsopteridaceae: Thyrsopteris elegans

Polypodiales - Polypodiaceae: Nested Polypody (Polypodium intermedium)

- Dryopteridaceae: Hollyfern (Polystichum tetragonum); Megalastrum inaqualifolium; Rumohra berteroana

- Pteridaceae: Break fern (Pteris berteroana); Cloak Fern (Notholaena chilensis)

- Asplenidaceae: Spleenworts (Asplenium macrosorum a A. stellatum)

- Blechnaceae: Blechnum cycadifolium, B. longicauda, B. mochaenum and B. schottii

- Oleandraceae: Arthropteris altescandens

Ophioglossales - Ophioglossaceae: Adderstongue (Ophioglossum fernandezianum)

Hymenophyllales - Hymenophyllaceae: Bristle Ferns (Trichomanes ingae and T. philippianum); Filmy Ferns (Hymenophyllum cuneatum and H. rugosum; Serpyllopsis caespitosa

Gleicheniales - Gleicheniaceae: Gleichenia lepidota

Dicotyledons:

Canellales - Winteraceae: Drimys confertifolia (dominant tree)

Ranunculales - Ranunculaceae: Buttercup (Ranunculus caprarum)

- Berberidaceae: Barberries (Berberis corymbosa and B. masafuerana)

Brassicales - Crucifers (Brassicaceae): Bittercress (Cardamine kruesselii)

Caryophyllales - Caryophyllaceae: Sandspurries (Spergularia confertiflora and S. masafuerana)

- Chenopodiaceae: Goosefoots (Chenopodium crusoeanum, Ch. nesodendron and Ch. snctaeclarae)

Gunnerales - Gunneraceae: Gunnera bracteata, G. glabra, G. masafuerae and G. peltata

Santalales - Santalaceae: Santalum fernandezianum

Rosales - Rosaceae: Acaena masafuerana and A. ovalifolia; Margyricaena skottsbergii; Margyricarpus digynus

- Rhamnaceae: Colletia spartioides

- Urticaceae: False Nettle (Boehmeria excelsa); Nettles (Urtica glomeruliflora and U. masafuerae)

Saxifragales - Haloragidaceae: Seaberries (Haloragis masafuerana and H. masatierrana)

Fabales - Fabaceae: Neclacepods (Sophora fernandeziana and S. masafuerana)

Malpighiales - Euphorbiaceae: Dysopsis hirsuta

- Flacourtiaceae: Azara serrata

Sapindales - Rutaceae: Fagara externa and F. mayu

Myrtales - Myrtaceae: Myrceugenia fernandeziana (isolated groups of bushes) and M. schulzei; Chilean Myrtle (Ugni selkirkii)

Apiales - Apiaceae: Celery (Apium fernandezianum); Eryngos (Eryngium bupleuroides, E. fernandezianum, E. inaccesum and E. sarcophyllum)

Ericales - Ericaceae: Pernettya rigida

- Escalloniaceae: Escallonia callcottiae

Gentianales - Rubiaceae: Mirrorplants (Coprosma oliveri and C. pyrifolia); Bedstraw (Galium masafueranum)

Boraginales - Boraginaceae: Selkirkia berteroi

Lamiales - Mints (Lamiaceae): Cuminia erantha

- Plantaginaceae:  Plantago fernandezia

- Verbenaceae: Rhaphithamnus venustus

- Scrophulariaceae: Eyebright (Euphrasia formosissima)

Solanales - Solanaceae: Nightshade (Solanum fernandezianum); Tobacco (Nicotiana cordifolia)

Asterales - Asteraceae: Centaurodenron draceanoides and C. palmiforme; Dendroseris berteroana, D. gigantea, D. litoralis, D. macrantha, D. macrophylla, D. marginata, D. micrantha, D. neriifolia, D. pinnata, D. pruinata a D. regia; Everelasting (Gamochaeta fernandeziana); Fleabanes (Erigeron fernandezianus, E. ingae, E. luteoviridis and E. rupicola); Robinsonia berteroi, R. evenia, R. gayana, R. gracilis, R. macrocephala, R. masafuerana and R. thurifera; Yunquea tenzii

- Campanulaceae: Wahlenbergia berteroi, W. fernandeziana, W, grahamiae, W. masafuerae and W. tuberosa

Piperales - Peperomiaceae:  Peperomias (Peperomia berteroana, P. fernandeziana, P. margiritifera and P. skottsbergii)

- Lactoridaceae: Lactoris fernandeziana (the only endemic species of also endemic genus and family in the planet.)

Monocotyledons:

Arecales - Arecaceae: Juania australis

Poales - Grasses (Poaceae): Bentgrass (Agrostis masafuerana); Chusquea Bamboo (Chusquea ferandeziana); Megalachne berteroniana and M. masafuerana; Needlegrasses (Stipa laevissima and S. neesiana); Oatgrass (Danthonia collina); Podophorus bromoides; Speargrass (Piptochaetium bicolor); Sweet Vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum)

- Juncaceae: Woodrush (Luzula masafuerana)

- Cyperaceae: Birdcatching Sedge (Uncinia costata a U. douglasii); Sedge (Carex berteroniana); Twigrush (Machaerina scirpoidea)

- Bromeliaceae: Greigia berteroi; Ochagavia elegans

Asparagales - orchids (Orchidaceae): Gavilea insularis

Possible activities

Good conditions for walking tourism, moderate difficulty

Wildlife observation, diving, fishing, sea kayak, horseback riding

Note

Picture - source wikipedia